2 Kawm Txog: Kev Muaj Peev Xwm thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv/Kev Tawm Tsam – Hmoob Kev Muaj Peev Xwm thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv/Kev Tawm Tsam
Sij Hawm Qhia
- 1–2 hnub thaum chav kawm sib ntsib
Cov Khoom Siv
- Green Card Entrepreneur Voices – Bo Thao-Urabe zaj dab neeg story thiab video
- Hmoob Khw Tshav Puam Qub thiab Hmoob Tshav Puam Tshiab (Zos Hmoob) images
- Daim ntawv Hmoob Kev Peev Xwm thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv/Kev Tawm Tsam
- Daim ntawv taug kev saib duab worksheet
Connections to the 7 Cs of Ethnic Studies
- Ua kev zoo siab: siv cov dab neeg Hmoob thiab pej xeem Hmoob cov dab neeg los piav dab neeg
- Kev tsis yooj yim: nkag siab tias pej xeem Hmoob thiab koom haum tau txhawb lawv lub zej zog li cas rau sab kev tawm suab, kev tawm tswv yim, thiab kev kho siab kho ntsws
Txheej Txheem Qhia
Taw: Cov qauv rau Kev Ua Tau Zoo/Kev Vam Meej
- Tso ib daim duab khw tshav puam qub los sis tshiab hauv St. Paul, Minnesota
- Thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm saib daim duab, qhia lawv tias:
- The first Hmong refugees began arriving in MN in 1975. They first arrived with little money, no English, no credit history, and very little of value other than the clothes on their backs and small household items such as pots and pans. Experts predicted they would be dependent on welfare for generations. Today, the Hmong community contributes hundreds of millions of dollars to the economy in Minnesota, with large shopping centers such as Hmongtown Marketplace, Hmong Village, and lots of other Hmong-owned businesses, shops, and restaurants throughout the Twin Cities.
Tig thiab Tham
Hais kom cov tub ntxhais nrog tus khub ntawm ib sab tawm tswm yim tias ib lub zej zog yuav tsum muaj dab tsi thiaj li tiv dhau ib kob tsov rog, tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus rau ib lub teb chaws tshiab, thiab tsuas siv tsib caug xyoo los tsim tau lag luam ruaj khov ntawm tes los.
- Hais kom ob peb tug tub ntxhais kawm qhia lawv cov tswv yim rau sawv daws.
Phua: Kev Muaj Peev Xwm
Lees paub: No yog ib qhov kev taug rau coob tus Hmoob Meskas. Lwm cov Hmoob dab neeg/kev taug kuj txwv cov Hmoob Meskas, xws li cov Hmoob Suav, Hmoob Nplog, Hmoob Nyab Laj, thiab lwm haiv neeg. Tej zaum ib txhia kuj tau tawm tsam/ koom tes nrog cov Nyab Laj Liab los sis cov tub rog Nplog kom lawv muaj sia nyob los sis yeej txaus siab koom nrog lawv. Ib yam li ntawd, txhua txhua tus Hmoob tsis taug txoj kev ua neeg tawg rog los sis tuaj nyob Asmesliskas; coob tus kuj txiav txim siab nyob Nplog Teb thiab Thaib Teb; ib txhia khiav mus nyob lwm cov teb chaws thoob lub ntiaj teb no. Kev kawm hnub no yuav kawm txog cov dab neeg/ kev taug ntawm cov Hmoob Meskas.
Qhia: Hmoob yog ib haiv neeg pawg tsawg nyob hauv Suav Teb tuaj. Hauv keeb kwm ntau xyoo dhau los, cov neeg Suav thiab Hmoob tau sib ntaus sib tua txeeb av thiab peev txheej. Thaum kawg, Hmoob tsiv Suav Teb los mus nyob Sov Choj/ Sab Qab Teb Chaws Esxias. Hauv Nplog Teb, Meskas CIA tuaj rub Hmoob mus pab tua cov Nyab Laj Liab thiab cov tub rog Nplog thaum muaj Kob Tsov Rog Qab Rooj/Kob Tsov Rog Zais. Hmoob raug xaiv thiab rub mus ua tub rog vim lawv paub thaj av zoo; coob tus mus ua tub rog vim kom tsis txom nyem/muaj sia thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov rog. Thaum Asmesliskas khiav tawm tsis tua Kob Tsov Rog Nyab Laj, lawv kuj tso cov Hmoob tseg hauv Nplog Teb. Cov Hmoob tau ntsim kev tsim txom thiab raug cov tub rog Nplog tua; lawv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej hauv tej hav zoov hauv Nplog Teb.
Txoj kev khiav hla tus Dej Nab Khoom los rau Thaib Teb yog ib txoj kev qhia tias Hmoob muaj peev xwm. Cov Hmoob yuav tsum tau nkaum hauv hav zoov, nrhiav zaub mov noj, khiav ua ib pawg, thiab feem ntau ces khiav thaum tsaus ntuj kom dim cov tub rog Nplog. Lub sij hawm thaum lawv khiav ces ib txhia yuav tau tso tseg lawv tej khoom, ib txhia yuav tau tso lawv tseg neeg tseg, ib co yuav tsum tau ev cov laus, ib co me nyuam quaj taug raug noj tshuaj yeeb kom txhob quaj kom ntsiag nto thaum yeeb ncuab nyob ze, thiab ib co me nyuam tau tuag vim noj yeeb ntau dhau lawm los sis txhaum yeeb. Hmoob lub siab tawv thiab lub cev peem tiag tiag lawv thiaj los txog tus dej, thiab hla daj mus rau Thaib Teb kom muaj kev ywj pheej. (Ntaub Ntawv Keeb Kwm Background Information)
- Kev muaj peev xwm yog ib yam los pab tus kheej kom peem kom dhau lub sij hawm nyuaj
- Nug cov tub ntxhais: Ib yam piv txwv tias Hmoob muaj peev xwm yog dab tsi?
- Cov Hmoob yauv tau nkaum, khiav thaum tsaus ntuj, thiab saib xyuas txhua tus zoo zoo kom mus txog tus Dej Nab Khoom.
Phua: Kev Tiv Thaiv/Kev Tawm Tsam thiab Fwj Chim
Dhau ntawm keeb kwm los mus rau lub zej zog, ces qhia txog Hmoob kev sib txheeb thiab kev nom tswv. Qhia tias Minnesota yog vaj yog tsev rau ntau tshaj 90,000 tus Hmoob, uas St. Paul yog lub nroog muaj neeg nyob ntau tshaj plaws hauv Asmesliskas.
Lub zog ntawm Kab Lis Kev Cai
- Qhia tias kev sib txheeb/tsev kwv tij (clan system) yog ib yam muaj zog rau Hmoob. Siv ib pab pawg los piv txwv qhia txog qhov kev sib txheeb; piv txwv tias yog koj ib tug phooj ywg xav pib ib lub lag luam, ces txhua tus phooj ywg txhawb nws.
- Tig thiab Tham: Leej twg yog ib feem hauv koj tsev kwv tij, los sis “pab pawg”, los sis cov neeg uas koj ntseeg thiab tso siab tau?
- Txuas rau Kev Tiv Thaiv/Tawm Tsam: Qhia rau cov tub ntxhais tias kev tiv thaiv/tawm tsam tsis yog yuav sib ntaus/sib tua tas li, nws kuj txhais tau tias rub yus tsev neeg/ tsev kwv tij los sis lub zej zog los ua ke kom muaj suab thiab tau txais kev ncaj ncees.
Kev Nom Tswv
- Tau ntau xyoo, lub zej zog Hmoob hauv MN tsis muaj leej twg sawv cev hauv nroog los sis hauv tsoom fwv Meskas uas nkag siab txog lawv li keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Hmoob tsis muaj ib tug nom tswv sawv cev rau lawv ua ntej Mim Muas (Mee Moua) los khiav ua hauj lwm hauv tsoom fwv thaum 2002. Mim Muas yog thawj tug Hmoob raug xaiv los yog ib tug sawv cev rau lub xeev MN.
- Tsis yog tias nws siv nws lub suab los txhawb Hmoob xwb, nws yog ib tug qauv qhib tau qhov rooj rau Foom Hawj thiab lwm tus taug nws txog lwg, txhawb siab rau cov Hmoob Meskas kom nyiam txog kev khiav ua nom ua tswv.
Zom: Bo Thao-Urabe zaj dab neeg
- Saib daib yeeb yaj kiab “Bo Thao-Urabe” los ntawm Green Card Entrepreneur Voices,
Pab Pawg Sib Tham/Sib Qhia Tswv Yim
- Saib: Saib daim yeeb yaj kiab ua ke
- Sib tham: Bo zaj dab neeg Hmoob Meskas yog ib yam yuav ua kev zoo siab tau li cas? Dab tsi ua rau Bo muaj siab pab lwm tus? Bo xub yog ib tug neeg ua lag luam tau li cas, thiab nws tau ntsib tej teeb meem zoo li cas?
- Tshuaj xyuas kev muaj peev xw: Bo txoj kev peev xwm pab nws dhau los yog ib tug neeg vam meej rau kev ua lag luam li cas? Nws tau tawm tsam cov cai nom tswv tsim li cas?
Zom: Taug Kev Saib Duab
Los peb taug kev saib duab thiab tshuaj xyuas tej yam uas Hmoob Meskas tau peem dhau los. Yuav muaj plaub lub ntsiab lus/tswv yim qhia tias Hmoob tau muaj peev xwm thiab kev tiv thaiv, los ntawm kev siv lawv lub suab thiab tawm tsam kom muaj kev hloov pauv li lawv xav tau.
Tsim ib co ntawv rau txhua ntsiab lus/tswm yim hauv qab. Hais kom cov tub ntxhais ua ib pab pawg sib pab hloov nyeem cov ntawv thiab sau teb cov lus nug hauv daim ntawv txog lub ntsiab lus/tswv yim ntawd. Thaum xaus, kom tub ntxhais yuav teb cov lus nug nco txog kev kawm.
Tawm tsam rau Qub Tub Rog Hmoob cov Kev Pab Cuam (Kare11, Sahan Journal)
- System: Txawm tias cov tub rog Hmoob raug rub ua tub rog los ntawm Meskas CIA, nom tswv Meskas yeej tsis tau lees txais tias lawv yog tub rog Meskas thiab tsis tau txais kev pab cuam rau cov tub rog.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv/Kev Tawm Tsam: Cov qub tub rog Hmoob tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam los tau ntau xyoo, tawm tsam hauv D.C., thiab tuaj yeem hnav khaub ncaws tub rog tawm rooj koom cov koob tsheej hauv xej zog kom pom tias Hmoob yeej tau ua tub rog rau Kob Tsov Rog Qab Rooj/ Kob Tsov Rog Zais.
- Kev Hloov Pauv: Tawm tias cov qub tub rog Hmoob tsis tau txais cov kev pab cuam li Asmesliskas cov tub rog los, Congress tsa ib txoj cai hu ua Hmong Veterans’ Naturalization Act of 2000, ua kom yooj yim zog rau cov qub tub rog Hmoob kom tau xeem xaj Meskas. Thaum 2026, MN yog thawj lub xeev tsa txoj cai uas lees thiab muab suab npe rau cov qub tub rog Hmoob uas tau tua Kob Tsov Rog Qab Rooj/ Kob Tsov Rog Zais hauv Nplog Teb.
Hmoob Hnub (Pioneer Press, NBC Bay Area)
- System: Hmoob tau tuaj nyob rau hauv California, Minnesota, thiab Wisconsin txij thaum 1975. Tiam sis, coob tus tsis pom Hmoob nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv los sis lwm qhov hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li xwb, coob tus Meskas tseem tsis tau paub txog tias Hmoob yog leej twg thiab keeb kwm Hmoob, thiab coob tus tseem nug tias vim li cas cov Hmoob ho tuaj nyob hauv Asmesliskas.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv/Kev Tawm Tsam: Hmoob tiv thaiv/ tawm tsam rau lawv tus kheej thiab siv lawv lub suab kom tau kev ncaij ncees. Hmoob pib qhia lawv zaj dab neeg thiab qhia lawv kab lis kev cai thaum muaj xwm txheej tseem ceem thiab muaj koom txoos, xws li tuav Hmoob Tshiab Peb Caug thiab tuav kev sib tw kis laj loj.
- Kev Hloov Pauv: Thaum 2013, Minnesota Governor Mark Dayton tau tshaj tawm tias lub Tsib Hlis 14 yog Hmoob Asmesliskas/Meskas Hnub; ces lwm lob xeev tau ua raws li thiab. Hnub no ces yog los hwm keeb kwm Hmoob, kab lis kev cai, thiab kev tau pab Asmesliskas, qhia lub zej zog txog Hmoob, thiab ua kev zoo siab rau Hmoob kev peev xwm thiab txhua yam zoo Hmoob tau ua.
Tiv Thaiv / Tawm Tsam Kev Kawm (Hmong American Charter Schools, HCPA)
- System: Tsev kawm ntawv qhia lus Askiv nkaus xwb ua rau ntau tus Hmoob tso tseg kev kawm thaum 1990s, thiab tseem tsis muaj ntaub ntawv txog/pom Hmoob los sis Hmoob kab lis kev cai tsis muaj feem hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Hmoob ntshaw kom lawv hom lus thiab kab lis kev cai muaj feem qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
- Kev Thiv Thaiv/Kev Tawm Tsam: Cov niam txiv thiab thawj coj Hmoob tau teeb tsa thiab tsim ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv Hmoob charter uas yuav los qhia Hmoob lus thiab kab lis kev cai, muaj xib fwb Hmoob, thiab muaj noj zaub mob Hmoob rau pluas su.
- Kev Hloov Pauv: Minnesota yog lub hauv paus muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv Hmoob charter ntau ntau, xws li Hope Community Academy, Hmong College Prep Academy, Noble Academy, thiab New Millennium, nrog rau cov chav siv lus Hmoob los qhia. Saint Paul Public Schools yog thawj lub koog tsev kawm ntawv hauv lub xeev MN uas tsim tau ib qho kev pab cuam qhia ob hom lus, Hmoob thiab Askis.
Cov Nom Tswv Hmoob (MinnPost, MPR, Pioneer Press)
- System: Cov nom tswv (Meskas) feem ntau tsis quav ntsej txog cov neeg Esxias, tshwj xeeb ces yog Hmoob, vim Hmoob tsis nkag siab thiab tsis koom nrog kev nom tswv.
- Kev Thiv Thaiv/Kev Tawm Tsam: Cov thawj coj Hmoob nkaj siab tias yog xav kom nom tswv Meskas hnov lawv lub suab, lawv yuav tsum zaum saum rooj sib tham nrog cov nom tswv. Ces cov thawj coj Hmoob thiaj li maj mam pib sib tw khiav ua nom tswv, pib nrog pawg thawj coj saib xyuas tsev kawm ntawv thiab chaw ua hauj lwm hauv lub xeev.
- Kev Hloov Pauv: Cov thawj coj Hmoob hauv nroog ntxaib tau kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj khiav tau kev pab cuam thiab kev sib tw khiav ua nom txwv hauv zej zog. Ntau tus nom tswv Hmoob thoob plaws hauv California, Minnesota, thiab Wisconsin tau raug xaiv los ua city council members, state representatives, state senators, thiab tseem tau ya mayors (Kaohly Her, Jay Xiong, Fue Lee, Samantha Vang, Nelsie Yang, etc.).
Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Xav/ Kev Sib Tham
- Koj pom tias muaj kev sib txuas los sis cov qauv dab tsi rau plaub lub ntsiab lus/tswv yim no, thiab cov kev paub tam sim no ntawm cov Hmoob Asmesliskas?
- Koj xav tias Hmoob Hnub puas tseem ceeb? Vim li cas ho tseem ceeb? Vim li cas ho tsis tseem ceeb?
- Kev tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv Hmoob charter tau hloov pauv/cuam tshuam cov tsev kawm ntawv Meskas/pej xeem hauv lub nroog ntxaib li cas?
- Koj xav tias vim li cas ntau tus Hmoob ho khiav ua nom tswv/khoom ua nom tswv?
- Plaub lus ntsiab lus/tswv yim no tau cuam tshuam/hloov pauv li cas rau zej zog?
- Peb ua kev zoo siab los iss tib/thuam plaub lub ntsiab lus/tswv yim no li cas?
Saib Dua: Daim Pib Tawm
Hais kom cov tub ntxhais sau rau kab lus no kom meej/kom yog: “Zej zog Hmoob sib koom tes ua ke thiab siv _______ los tawm tsam __________, thiab tsim tau kev hloov los ntawm ______.”
Kev Pab Cov Tub Ntxhais Hais Ntau Hom Lus thiab Kawm Lus Askiv
- Muab cov kab lus pib los pab cov tub ntxhais teb nus lug:
- Kuv pom tias ____.
- Kuv ntseeg tias Hmoob Hnub tseem ceeb/ tsis tseem ceeb vim _____.
- Kuv xav tias tej zaum coob tus Hmoob nyiam khiav ua nom ua tswv vim _____.
- Peb ua kev zoo siab rau ___ vim ___./ Peb tib ___ vim ___.
Vocabulary and Definitions
- System: ib qho txheej txeem qhia tias yuav ua li cas vim yeej ua tseg li ntawd los thiaj ua hauj lwm zoo
- Kev peev xwm: muaj cuab kav sawv thiab peem kom dhau tej kev nyuaj/ sij haum nyuaj
- Tsev Kwv Tij: ib tsev neeg loj uas muaj sib txheeb los ntawm lub xeem thiab poj koob yawm txwv
- Kev hloov pauv: txoj kev uas hloov/ras ua yam tshiab
- Tus neeg ua nom tswv: ib tug neeg uas raug xaiv tsa los khiav hauj lwm hauv tsoom fwv thiab xaiv cai los rau lub nroog, lub xeev, los sis lub teb chaws
- Tus neeg ua lag luam: ib tug neeg uas pib thiab khiav nws lub lag luam/ hauj lwm los pab lwm tus daws teeb meem los sis tsim tej khoom/kev pab cuam rau neeg siv
Resource List
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- River Crossing Paj Ntaub www.lchshistory.org/hmong-story-cloths
- Green Card Entrepreneur Voices – Bo Thao-Urabe zaj dab neeg story thiab yeeb yaj kiab video
- Ntaub ntawv txog Kob Tsov Rog Qab Rooj/ Kob Tsov Rog Zais, Chippewa Valley Museum-Hmong in Eau Claire Secret War, www.cvmuseum.com/explore/the-secret-war
- Meskas CIA, cov Hmoob thiab Kob Tsov Rog Qab Rooj/ Kob Tsov Rog Zais www.mnvietnam.org/story/the-cia-the-hmong-and-the-secret-war/index.html
- Tsev Kwv Tij (Clan System) https://geriatrics.stanford.edu/ethnomed/ethno-med/hmong/hmong-american/introduction/family.html
- Cov Nom Tswv Hmoob
- Pioneer Press www.twincities.com/1991/11/06/hmong-woman-elected-to-st-paul-school-board
- Tiv Thaiv Kev Kawm
- Hmong American Charter Schools https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1195&context=jsaaea
- Hmoob Hnub
- Pioneer Press www.twincities.com/2013/05/09/first-hmong-american-day-taking-place-sunday-at-community-center
- Tawm tsam rau Qub Tub Rog Hmoob cov Kev Pab Cuam
- Sahan Journal https://sahanjournal.com/immigration/minnesota-senate-legislature-hmong-war-veterans-bill
- Liberated Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum Values and Principles (7 Cs) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cGOs7rsY9wT2qI-yIQh5dye8snRjGYxr/view